Native Americans in Utah

David Rich Lewis Utah History Encyclopedia, 1994 Long before Euro-Americans entered the Great Basin, substantial numbers of people lived within the present boundaries of Utah. Archaeological reconstructions suggest human habitation stretching back some 12,000 years. The earliest known inhabitants were members of what has been termed the Desert Archaic Culture—nomadic hunter-gatherers with developed basketry, flaked-stem stone tools, and implements of …

Circleville Massacre, A Tragic Incident in the Black Hawk War

W. Paul Reeve History Blazer, September 1995 Dissatisfied with the treatment his people had received at the hands of government officials as well as from the ever-encroaching Mormon settlers, a minor Ute leader named Black Hawk gathered with members of other bands in 1863 to retaliate against their white enemies. The period of intensified raids that followed became known as …